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/* gshell.c - Shell-related utilities
*
* Copyright 2000 Red Hat, Inc.
* g_execvpe implementation based on GNU libc execvp:
* Copyright 1991, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
* along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include "config.h"
#include <string.h>
#include "gshell.h"
#include "gslist.h"
#include "gstrfuncs.h"
#include "gstring.h"
#include "gtestutils.h"
#include "glibintl.h"
#include "gthread.h"
/**
* SECTION:shell
* @title: Shell-related Utilities
* @short_description: shell-like commandline handling
*
* GLib provides the functions g_shell_quote() and g_shell_unquote()
* to handle shell-like quoting in strings. The function g_shell_parse_argv()
* parses a string similar to the way a POSIX shell (/bin/sh) would.
*
* Note that string handling in shells has many obscure and historical
* corner-cases which these functions do not necessarily reproduce. They
* are good enough in practice, though.
*/
/**
* G_SHELL_ERROR:
*
* Error domain for shell functions.
*
* Errors in this domain will be from the #GShellError enumeration.
*
* See #GError for information on error domains.
**/
/**
* GShellError:
* @G_SHELL_ERROR_BAD_QUOTING: Mismatched or otherwise mangled quoting.
* @G_SHELL_ERROR_EMPTY_STRING: String to be parsed was empty.
* @G_SHELL_ERROR_FAILED: Some other error.
*
* Error codes returned by shell functions.
**/
G_DEFINE_QUARK (g-shell-error-quark, g_shell_error)
/* Single quotes preserve the literal string exactly. escape
* sequences are not allowed; not even \' - if you want a '
* in the quoted text, you have to do something like 'foo'\''bar'
*
* Double quotes allow $ ` " \ and newline to be escaped with backslash.
* Otherwise double quotes preserve things literally.
*/
static gboolean
unquote_string_inplace (gchar* str, gchar** end, GError** err)
{
gchar* dest;
gchar* s;
gchar quote_char;
g_return_val_if_fail(end != NULL, FALSE);
g_return_val_if_fail(err == NULL || *err == NULL, FALSE);
g_return_val_if_fail(str != NULL, FALSE);
dest = s = str;
quote_char = *s;
if (!(*s == '"' || *s == '\''))
{
g_set_error_literal (err,
G_SHELL_ERROR,
G_SHELL_ERROR_BAD_QUOTING,
_("Quoted text doesn’t begin with a quotation mark"));
*end = str;
return FALSE;
}
/* Skip the initial quote mark */
++s;
if (quote_char == '"')
{
while (*s)
{
g_assert(s > dest); /* loop invariant */
switch (*s)
{
case '"':
/* End of the string, return now */
*dest = '\0';
++s;
*end = s;
return TRUE;
break;
case '\\':
/* Possible escaped quote or \ */
++s;
switch (*s)
{
case '"':
case '\\':
case '`':
case '$':
case '\n':
*dest = *s;
++s;
++dest;
break;
default:
/* not an escaped char */
*dest = '\\';
++dest;
/* ++s already done. */
break;
}
break;
default:
*dest = *s;
++dest;
++s;
break;
}
g_assert(s > dest); /* loop invariant */
}
}
else
{
while (*s)
{
g_assert(s > dest); /* loop invariant */
if (*s == '\'')
{
/* End of the string, return now */
*dest = '\0';
++s;
*end = s;
return TRUE;
}
else
{
*dest = *s;
++dest;
++s;
}
g_assert(s > dest); /* loop invariant */
}
}
/* If we reach here this means the close quote was never encountered */
*dest = '\0';
g_set_error_literal (err,
G_SHELL_ERROR,
G_SHELL_ERROR_BAD_QUOTING,
_("Unmatched quotation mark in command line or other shell-quoted text"));
*end = s;
return FALSE;
}
/**
* g_shell_quote:
* @unquoted_string: (type filename): a literal string
*
* Quotes a string so that the shell (/bin/sh) will interpret the
* quoted string to mean @unquoted_string.
*
* If you pass a filename to the shell, for example, you should first
* quote it with this function.
*
* The return value must be freed with g_free().
*
* The quoting style used is undefined (single or double quotes may be
* used).
*
* Returns: (type filename) (transfer full): quoted string
**/
gchar*
g_shell_quote (const gchar *unquoted_string)
{
/* We always use single quotes, because the algorithm is cheesier.
* We could use double if we felt like it, that might be more
* human-readable.
*/
const gchar *p;
GString *dest;
g_return_val_if_fail (unquoted_string != NULL, NULL);
dest = g_string_new ("'");
p = unquoted_string;
/* could speed this up a lot by appending chunks of text at a
* time.
*/
while (*p)
{
/* Replace literal ' with a close ', a \', and an open ' */
if (*p == '\'')
g_string_append (dest, "'\\''");
else
g_string_append_c (dest, *p);
++p;
}
/* close the quote */
g_string_append_c (dest, '\'');
return g_string_free (dest, FALSE);
}
/**
* g_shell_unquote:
* @quoted_string: (type filename): shell-quoted string
* @error: error return location or NULL
*
* Unquotes a string as the shell (/bin/sh) would.
*
* This function only handles quotes; if a string contains file globs,
* arithmetic operators, variables, backticks, redirections, or other
* special-to-the-shell features, the result will be different from the
* result a real shell would produce (the variables, backticks, etc.
* will be passed through literally instead of being expanded).
*
* This function is guaranteed to succeed if applied to the result of
* g_shell_quote(). If it fails, it returns %NULL and sets the
* error.
*
* The @quoted_string need not actually contain quoted or escaped text;
* g_shell_unquote() simply goes through the string and unquotes/unescapes
* anything that the shell would. Both single and double quotes are
* handled, as are escapes including escaped newlines.
*
* The return value must be freed with g_free().
*
* Possible errors are in the %G_SHELL_ERROR domain.
*
* Shell quoting rules are a bit strange. Single quotes preserve the
* literal string exactly. escape sequences are not allowed; not even
* `\'` - if you want a `'` in the quoted text, you have to do something
* like `'foo'\''bar'`. Double quotes allow `$`, ```, `"`, `\`, and
* newline to be escaped with backslash. Otherwise double quotes
* preserve things literally.
*
* Returns: (type filename): an unquoted string
**/
gchar*
g_shell_unquote (const gchar *quoted_string,
GError **error)
{
gchar *unquoted;
gchar *end;
gchar *start;
GString *retval;
g_return_val_if_fail (quoted_string != NULL, NULL);
unquoted = g_strdup (quoted_string);
start = unquoted;
end = unquoted;
retval = g_string_new (NULL);
/* The loop allows cases such as
* "foo"blah blah'bar'woo foo"baz"la la la\'\''foo'
*/
while (*start)
{
/* Append all non-quoted chars, honoring backslash escape
*/
while (*start && !(*start == '"' || *start == '\''))
{
if (*start == '\\')
{
/* all characters can get escaped by backslash,
* except newline, which is removed if it follows
* a backslash outside of quotes
*/
++start;
if (*start)
{
if (*start != '\n')
g_string_append_c (retval, *start);
++start;
}
}
else
{
g_string_append_c (retval, *start);
++start;
}
}
if (*start)
{
if (!unquote_string_inplace (start, &end, error))
{
goto error;
}
else
{
g_string_append (retval, start);
start = end;
}
}
}
g_free (unquoted);
return g_string_free (retval, FALSE);
error:
g_assert (error == NULL || *error != NULL);
g_free (unquoted);
g_string_free (retval, TRUE);
return NULL;
}
/* g_parse_argv() does a semi-arbitrary weird subset of the way
* the shell parses a command line. We don't do variable expansion,
* don't understand that operators are tokens, don't do tilde expansion,
* don't do command substitution, no arithmetic expansion, IFS gets ignored,
* don't do filename globs, don't remove redirection stuff, etc.
*
* READ THE UNIX98 SPEC on "Shell Command Language" before changing
* the behavior of this code.
*
* Steps to parsing the argv string:
*
* - tokenize the string (but since we ignore operators,
* our tokenization may diverge from what the shell would do)
* note that tokenization ignores the internals of a quoted
* word and it always splits on spaces, not on IFS even
* if we used IFS. We also ignore "end of input indicator"
* (I guess this is control-D?)
*
* Tokenization steps, from UNIX98 with operator stuff removed,
* are:
*
* 1) "If the current character is backslash, single-quote or
* double-quote (\, ' or ") and it is not quoted, it will affect
* quoting for subsequent characters up to the end of the quoted
* text. The rules for quoting are as described in Quoting
* . During token recognition no substitutions will be actually
* performed, and the result token will contain exactly the
* characters that appear in the input (except for newline
* character joining), unmodified, including any embedded or
* enclosing quotes or substitution operators, between the quote
* mark and the end of the quoted text. The token will not be
* delimited by the end of the quoted field."
*
* 2) "If the current character is an unquoted newline character,
* the current token will be delimited."
*
* 3) "If the current character is an unquoted blank character, any
* token containing the previous character is delimited and the
* current character will be discarded."
*
* 4) "If the previous character was part of a word, the current
* character will be appended to that word."
*
* 5) "If the current character is a "#", it and all subsequent
* characters up to, but excluding, the next newline character
* will be discarded as a comment. The newline character that
* ends the line is not considered part of the comment. The
* "#" starts a comment only when it is at the beginning of a
* token. Since the search for the end-of-comment does not
* consider an escaped newline character specially, a comment
* cannot be continued to the next line."
*
* 6) "The current character will be used as the start of a new word."
*
*
* - for each token (word), perform portions of word expansion, namely
* field splitting (using default whitespace IFS) and quote
* removal. Field splitting may increase the number of words.
* Quote removal does not increase the number of words.
*
* "If the complete expansion appropriate for a word results in an
* empty field, that empty field will be deleted from the list of
* fields that form the completely expanded command, unless the
* original word contained single-quote or double-quote characters."
* - UNIX98 spec
*
*
*/
static inline void
ensure_token (GString **token)
{
if (*token == NULL)
*token = g_string_new (NULL);
}
static void
delimit_token (GString **token,
GSList **retval)
{
if (*token == NULL)
return;
*retval = g_slist_prepend (*retval, g_string_free (*token, FALSE));
*token = NULL;
}
static GSList*
tokenize_command_line (const gchar *command_line,
GError **error)
{
gchar current_quote;
const gchar *p;
GString *current_token = NULL;
GSList *retval = NULL;
gboolean quoted;
current_quote = '\0';
quoted = FALSE;
p = command_line;
while (*p)
{
if (current_quote == '\\')
{
if (*p == '\n')
{
/* we append nothing; backslash-newline become nothing */
}
else
{
/* we append the backslash and the current char,
* to be interpreted later after tokenization
*/
ensure_token (&current_token);
g_string_append_c (current_token, '\\');
g_string_append_c (current_token, *p);
}
current_quote = '\0';
}
else if (current_quote == '#')
{
/* Discard up to and including next newline */
while (*p && *p != '\n')
++p;
current_quote = '\0';
if (*p == '\0')
break;
}
else if (current_quote)
{
if (*p == current_quote &&
/* check that it isn't an escaped double quote */
!(current_quote == '"' && quoted))
{
/* close the quote */
current_quote = '\0';
}
/* Everything inside quotes, and the close quote,
* gets appended literally.
*/
ensure_token (&current_token);
g_string_append_c (current_token, *p);
}
else
{
switch (*p)
{
case '\n':
delimit_token (&current_token, &retval);
break;
case ' ':
case '\t':
/* If the current token contains the previous char, delimit
* the current token. A nonzero length
* token should always contain the previous char.
*/
if (current_token &&
current_token->len > 0)
{
delimit_token (&current_token, &retval);
}
/* discard all unquoted blanks (don't add them to a token) */
break;
/* single/double quotes are appended to the token,
* escapes are maybe appended next time through the loop,
* comment chars are never appended.
*/
case '\'':
case '"':
ensure_token (&current_token);
g_string_append_c (current_token, *p);
G_GNUC_FALLTHROUGH;
case '\\':
current_quote = *p;
break;
case '#':
if (p == command_line)
{ /* '#' was the first char */
current_quote = *p;
break;
}
switch(*(p-1))
{
case ' ':
case '\n':
case '\0':
current_quote = *p;
break;
default:
ensure_token (&current_token);
g_string_append_c (current_token, *p);
break;
}
break;
default:
/* Combines rules 4) and 6) - if we have a token, append to it,
* otherwise create a new token.
*/
ensure_token (&current_token);
g_string_append_c (current_token, *p);
break;
}
}
/* We need to count consecutive backslashes mod 2,
* to detect escaped doublequotes.
*/
if (*p != '\\')
quoted = FALSE;
else
quoted = !quoted;
++p;
}
delimit_token (&current_token, &retval);
if (current_quote)
{
if (current_quote == '\\')
g_set_error (error,
G_SHELL_ERROR,
G_SHELL_ERROR_BAD_QUOTING,
_("Text ended just after a “\\” character."
" (The text was “%s”)"),
command_line);
else
g_set_error (error,
G_SHELL_ERROR,
G_SHELL_ERROR_BAD_QUOTING,
_("Text ended before matching quote was found for %c."
" (The text was “%s”)"),
current_quote, command_line);
goto error;
}
if (retval == NULL)
{
g_set_error_literal (error,
G_SHELL_ERROR,
G_SHELL_ERROR_EMPTY_STRING,
_("Text was empty (or contained only whitespace)"));
goto error;
}
/* we appended backward */
retval = g_slist_reverse (retval);
return retval;
error:
g_assert (error == NULL || *error != NULL);
g_slist_free_full (retval, g_free);
return NULL;
}
/**
* g_shell_parse_argv:
* @command_line: (type filename): command line to parse
* @argcp: (out) (optional): return location for number of args
* @argvp: (out) (optional) (array length=argcp zero-terminated=1) (element-type filename):
* return location for array of args
* @error: (optional): return location for error
*
* Parses a command line into an argument vector, in much the same way
* the shell would, but without many of the expansions the shell would
* perform (variable expansion, globs, operators, filename expansion,
* etc. are not supported).
*
* The results are defined to be the same as those you would get from
* a UNIX98 `/bin/sh`, as long as the input contains none of the
* unsupported shell expansions. If the input does contain such expansions,
* they are passed through literally.
*
* Possible errors are those from the %G_SHELL_ERROR domain.
*
* In particular, if @command_line is an empty string (or a string containing
* only whitespace), %G_SHELL_ERROR_EMPTY_STRING will be returned. It’s
* guaranteed that @argvp will be a non-empty array if this function returns
* successfully.
*
* Free the returned vector with g_strfreev().
*
* Returns: %TRUE on success, %FALSE if error set
**/
gboolean
g_shell_parse_argv (const gchar *command_line,
gint *argcp,
gchar ***argvp,
GError **error)
{
/* Code based on poptParseArgvString() from libpopt */
gint argc = 0;
gchar **argv = NULL;
GSList *tokens = NULL;
gint i;
GSList *tmp_list;
g_return_val_if_fail (command_line != NULL, FALSE);
tokens = tokenize_command_line (command_line, error);
if (tokens == NULL)
return FALSE;
/* Because we can't have introduced any new blank space into the
* tokens (we didn't do any new expansions), we don't need to
* perform field splitting. If we were going to honor IFS or do any
* expansions, we would have to do field splitting on each word
* here. Also, if we were going to do any expansion we would need to
* remove any zero-length words that didn't contain quotes
* originally; but since there's no expansion we know all words have
* nonzero length, unless they contain quotes.
*
* So, we simply remove quotes, and don't do any field splitting or
* empty word removal, since we know there was no way to introduce
* such things.
*/
argc = g_slist_length (tokens);
argv = g_new0 (gchar*, argc + 1);
i = 0;
tmp_list = tokens;
while (tmp_list)
{
argv[i] = g_shell_unquote (tmp_list->data, error);
/* Since we already checked that quotes matched up in the
* tokenizer, this shouldn't be possible to reach I guess.
*/
if (argv[i] == NULL)
goto failed;
tmp_list = g_slist_next (tmp_list);
++i;
}
g_slist_free_full (tokens, g_free);
g_assert (argc > 0);
g_assert (argv != NULL && argv[0] != NULL);
if (argcp)
*argcp = argc;
if (argvp)
*argvp = argv;
else
g_strfreev (argv);
return TRUE;
failed:
g_assert (error == NULL || *error != NULL);
g_strfreev (argv);
g_slist_free_full (tokens, g_free);
return FALSE;
}